fa شبیه سازی و پهنه بندی تبخیر و تعرق حوزه دربند سملقان با استفاده از مدل SWAT و روش زمین آمار تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تبخیر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تعرق</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(ET)</span></span></span><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یکی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مهم&shy;ترین</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اجزای</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">چرخه</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">&shy;</span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">هیدرولوژیک</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یک</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عامل</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مهم</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تعیین</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نیاز</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آب</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">&shy; </span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">می&shy;‌باشد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که توزیع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مکانی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برآورد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دقیق</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آن</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برای</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بسیاری</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مطالعات</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نظیر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیلان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آب،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شبیه‌&shy;سازی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تولید</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیاهی،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برنامه‌&shy;ریزی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آبیاری</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مدیریت</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">منابع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آب</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اهمیت</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بسیاری</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دارد</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">.</span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> همچنین استفاده</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش زمین</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آمار</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یکی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">راه&shy;‌های</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تخمین</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تبخیر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تعرق</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نقاط</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فاقد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ایستگاه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">می‌&shy;باشد</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">.</span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در این تحقیق برای شبیه‌&shy;سازی تبخیر و تعرق حوزه آبخیز دربند سملقان از مدل هیدرولوژیکی </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">SWAT</span></span><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">استفاده شد. فرآیند</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">واسنجی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برای</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بازه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زمانی 1385 تا 1391 و فرآیند اعتبارسنجی در بازه زمانی 1392 تا 1395 انجام شد. برای ارزیابی نتایج شبیه‌&shy;سازی&shy; از شاخص&shy;‌های </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">R²</span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> (ضریب تبیین)، </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">bR²</span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> (ضریب همبستگی وزنی)، </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">NS</span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> (نش- ساتکلیف) استفاده گردید. در مرحله واسنجی ضرایب </span></span></span></b><b>&nbsp;</b><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">R²</span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">،</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">bR²</span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">NS</span></span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> به ترتیب برابر 74/0، 71/0و 68/0 و در مرحله اعتبارسنجی برابر 69/0، 62/0 و 59/0 حاصل گردید. بعد از انجام آنالیز حساسیت، 14 پارامتر موثر بر بیلان آبی حوزه مشخص گردید که شماره منحنی </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">(</span></b><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">CN2</span></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">)</span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> بعنوان مهم&shy;ترین پارامتر شناخته شد. در ادامه با استفاده از نتایج حاصل از آنالیز مکانی داده&shy;ها در این تحقیق مدل نمایی </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">(</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:BMitra"><span style="color:black">Exponantial</span></span></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color:black">)</span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> با توجه به مقدار </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:BMitra"><span style="color:black">RMSe</span></span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> کمتر و همبستگی بیشتر بعنوان مناسب&shy;ترین مدل جهت پهنه بندی انتخاب گردید. </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and an important factor in determining water demand, its spatial distribution and accurate estimation for many studies such as water balance, crop production simulation, program Irrigation planning and water resources management are very important. Also, using of geostatistical methods is one of the ways to estimate evapotranspiration in places without stations. In this study, SWAT hydrological model was used to simulate evapotranspiration of Samalghan watershed . To evaluate the simulation results, indices R2 , bR2 , NS was used. In the calibration stage, the coefficients of R2, bR2 and NS were equal to 0.74, 0.71 and 0.68, respectively, and in the validation stage, they was equal to 0.69, 0.62 and 0.59. .Then, using the results of spatial analysis of data in this study, the exponantial model was selected as the most appropriate model for zoning due to the lower RMSe value and higher correlation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل, مدل SWAT, زمین آمار, مدل نمایی,حوزه آبخیز دربند evapotranspiration, SWAT model, geostatistics, exponential model, Darband watershed 21 29 http://jwmsei.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-516-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ehsan Zahedi احسان زاهدی zahedi.ehsan2024@gmail.com 100319475328460016618 100319475328460016618 No Ali Talebi علی طالبی talebisf@yazd.ac.ir 100319475328460016619 100319475328460016619 Yes Kamran Davari کامران داوری k.davary@um.ac.ir 100319475328460016620 100319475328460016620 No Vahid Mousavi وحید موسوی v.moosavi@modares.ac.ir 100319475328460016621 100319475328460016621 No