<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Iranian Jornal of Watershed Management Science&amp;Engineering</title>
<title_fa>مجله علوم ومهندسی آبخیزداری ایران</title_fa>
<short_title>jwmseir</short_title>
<subject>Agriculture</subject>
<web_url>http://jwmsei.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2008-9554</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2008-9554</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>8</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.22034</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>14</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>8888</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>13</journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1393</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2015</year>
	<month>3</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>8</volume>
<number>27</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>بررسی اثر کاربری اراضی و سنگ‌شناسی بر کیفیت آب چشمه‌های حوزه آبخیز پیرانشهر</title_fa>
	<title>Assessing the Effect of Landuse and Lithology on Spring Water Quality in Piranshahr Watershed</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 14.2pt line-height: normal direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;چشمه­های حوزه آبخیز پیرانشهر یکی از منابع مهم تامین منابع آب شرب و آبیاری
اراضی کشاورزی است. به همین منظور، در این تحقیق تاثیر وضعیت سنگ­شناسی و فعالیت­های
کشاورزی به عنوان مهم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;­&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;ترین عوامل موثر
بر کیفیت آب این چشمه­ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. پس از ثبت موقعیت جغرافیایی
145 چشمه، نمونه­برداری آن­ها در تیر ماه 1391  انجام شد. مقدار پارامتر هدایت الکتریکی (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;EC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) در محل نمونه­برداری و مقدار سایر
پارامترها از جمله یون­های سدیم، کلسیم، منزیم، پتاسیم، کربنات، بی­کربنات، کلر و
سولفات در آزمایشگاه اندازه­گیری گردید. پس از انجام تجزیه و تحلیل پارامتر­های
کیفی نمونه­های آب، دیاگرام پایپر نشان داد که شش تیپ آب شامل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Ca-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Mg-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Ca-SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Mg-SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Na-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Na-SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;از چشمه­های
منطقه&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;مورد مطالعه جاری است. برای بررسی تاثیر سنگ­شناسی (7 نوع جنس
سنگ) و کاربری اراضی (2 نوع کاربری اراضی) بر کیفیت آب چشمه­ها، به ترتیب از آزمون­های
آماری تجزیه واریانس (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;ANOVA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل­های آماری نمونه آب چشمه­ها نشان
داد که پارامترهای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;EC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;TDS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;TH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;در سازندهای مختلف منطقه مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی­داری
دارند. درنهایت مقایسه میانگین پارامتر­های کیفی در سنگ­ها با آزمون دانکن صورت
پذیرفت. همچنین کاربری اراضی فقط تاثیر معنی­داری بر پارامترهای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;داشت. دیاگرام گیبس
بر اساس نتایج آنالیز شیمیایی نشان داد که ساختار شیمیایی آب چشمه­ها تحت تاثیر سنگ­شناسی
منطقه است. بنابراین در اولویت اول عامل سنگ­شناسی و در اولویت دوم عامل کاربری
اراضی بر کیفیت آب چشمه­های حوزه آبخیز پیرانشهر تاثیر معنی­داری دارند&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt font-family: Lotus&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;The springs of Piranshahr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; watershed are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;sources that&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;supplies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;drinking and irrigation
water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;. Therefore, in this study geology and agricultural conditions &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;examined as the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;most important&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;factor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;controlling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; spring &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;water quality. After
recording the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;geographical location of
145 springs, sampling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;was done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;September 2012. The electrical conductivity (EC)
were measured in the study area, whereas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;The values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;​​of other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;parameters,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;such as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;sodium ions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;, calcium ions, magnesium &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;ions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;, potassium &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;ions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;carbonate ions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;bicarbonate ions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;, chloride &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;ions  and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;sulfate ions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;were measured&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;in the laboratory. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Water quality parameters
was analyzed, in which, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Piper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;diagram&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;show&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;types of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;water, including&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Ca-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Mg-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Ca-SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;,
Mg-SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, Na-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Na-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. To investigate the influence of
lithology (seven types of lithology) and landuse (two types of landuse) on
spring’s water quality, the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t test
was used, respectively. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;results&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;statistical analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;showed that the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;parameters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;of springs, including&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;EC, TDS, CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;, HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;, Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;TH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;different&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;formations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;of the study area&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;significant differences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt; Finally, averages of the
water quality parameters of the lithology using Duncan test were compared.
Also, landuse have a significant effect on parameters &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;including CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt line-height: 115% font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif&quot;&gt;Gibbs diagram based on the
results of chemical analysis showed that the chemical structure of water
quality influenced by lithology. So the first and second priorities of
influence on the water quality are lithology and landuse, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>کیفیت آب, چشمه, متغیر‌های هیدروشیمیایی, تجزیه واریانس (ANOVA), حوزه آبخیز پیرانشهر</keyword_fa>
	<keyword> water quality, spring, hydro-chemical variables, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Piranshahr watershed</keyword>
	<start_page>19</start_page>
	<end_page>26</end_page>
	<web_url>http://jwmsei.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-198&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name></first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name></last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>امید </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>رحمتی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846003451</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846003451</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name></first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name></last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>نریمان </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>محمودی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846003452</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846003452</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name></first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name></last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>ابوالفضل </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>مساعدی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>E-mail: mosaedi@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846003453</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846003453</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name></first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name></last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>فرزانه </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>حیدری</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846003454</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846003454</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
