نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Investigation Impact of Morpho-Climatic Parameters on Aaccuracy of LARS-WG Model
0
0
FA
AliAkbar
Rasuli
Majid
Rezaei-Banafsheh
Ali reza
Massah
Ali mohammad
Khorshiddoust
Bager
Ghermezcheshmeh
AOGCMs predict the future climate based on an increasing Green House Gases (GHG) scenario. The temporal resolution of those models is suitable but, their spatial resolution is very coarse and the output of those models can’t be used in earth sciences such as hydrology, water resources and soil conservation. For this reason, downscaling of their outputs is necessary. At present, Statistical downscaling models mostly used in different sciences and a lot of research was carried out. Those models have different accuracy and their accuracy is depended on geographical and climatic conditions.This research was carried out for accuracy evaluation of LARS-WG on different morpho-climatic conditions in northwest of Iran. Northwest of Iran has complex topography and climate due to intrusion of different rain bearing weather systems to the region. Firstly, daily climate data (precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature) of 7 synoptic stations was collected and their time series were created. Geographic data and climate variable were used in LARS-WG Model for each station, and then the model was calibrated and validated. The error of model was calculated for each climate variable by MAE method. The morpho-climatic data was extracted for synoptic stations and correlated with error of model for each climate variable. The results showed that the error in precipitation has significant relation with distance to grid center, whereas the error in maximum temperature is related to elevation of stations.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Numerical Simulation of Flow and Sediment Structure in Confluence of Rivers
0
0
FA
sahar
Habibi
mohammad
rostami
s.Ali Akbar
Mousavi
Confluence is the hydraulic singularity where two or more channels (or rivers) converge in a single channel downstream. In fluvial networks, stream channel confluences produce significant changes in flow, sediment transport and water quality. Although over the last 60 years, the synergy between laboratory tests and field measurements has provided valuable information about the complex hydro-morpho-sedimentary processes acting in river confluence zones, but less numerical study as a cost-effective tool has been conducted in this area. The objective of the present paper is to investigate in detail the changes in the hydro-morpho-sedimentary processes occurring in confluence zone using a numerical model. Therefore, a depth-averaged, two-dimensional, unsteady-flow model, which is named CCHE2D, has been applied for channel confluence and bifurcation applications. In the absence of field data, experimental data for channel confluence collected in the laboratory were used to verify the simulated results. Experiments have been performed in a confluence flume where the main channel is 8.5 m long and 0.50 m wide. A 4.9 m long and 0.15 m wide tributary channel has been connected at an angle of 90°. Three discharge scenarios were tested. Numerical model was performed as the same geometry, flow and sediment data which have been used in experimental model. The simulated water surface and bed profiles in the confluence zone compared well with the experimental data. The statistical analysis showed that in confidence level of 99%, numerical model with averaged coefficient of determination (R2) about 0.85 and Mean Percent Absolute Error (MPAE) about 2.675 can predict water surface profile, with R2 about 0.90 and MPAE about 15.2 can predict longitudinal profile of sediment deposit, with averaged R2 about 0.82 and MPAE about 18.2 can predict longitudinal profile of bed erosion, and with averaged R2 about 0.99 and MPAE about 12.4 can predict maximum depth of sediment deposit or maximum depth of bed erosion at confluence zone in comparison with experimental data.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Artificial Recharge of Groundwater Aquifers by Surface Drainage Canals Using AHP Method
0
0
FA
Jalal
Jalili
khalil
Jalili
Homayon
Hesadi
Moslem
Hadidi
Groundwater has a fundamental role in economic activities and daily life of people and water storage in aquifer (underground reservoirs) requires less investment economically. The main purpose of research is prioritizing of canals in order to artificially recharge groundwater in Sarab Niloufar area in the Kermanshah Province. Therefore, various studies were conducted such as physiography, meteorology, geology, pedology, hydrology, groundwater, permeability, environmental condition, and erosion and sedimentation in the region. Canals have been prioritized by analyzing of 13 information layers. Permeability, texture and thickness of critical layer had the highest values. Different canals were divided into seven groups based on the value assigned to them. The first four priorities are important for recharge and the others due to their recharge restrictions are not applicable. Results showed that 65.45% of the total volume of existing drainage canals in the plain can be rechargeable. Based on analysis and water balance of aquifer in Sarab Niloufar plain total annual recharge and discharge of Sarab Niloufar plain were estimated.37.41 Mm3 and 66.38 Mm3, respectively. So the reservoir volume change is negative (equal to -28.97 Mm3) and only 30.1% of overdraft of the plain aquifer is compensated and the variation of the reservoir will remain negative, but it will be reduced equal to -20.24 Mm3 numerically.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Drought Class Transition Analysis by Markov Chains and Log-Linear Models: Approach for Early Drought Warning
0
0
FA
s.Adib
Banimahd
Davar
Khalili
In the present research, probabilistic drought characteristics, i.e., steady state probabilities of drought occurrence, drought termination and expected residence times for each severity class were studied for Mazandaran province, utilizing a modified version of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for 3-, 6- and 12-month time scales and Markov chains. According to results, drought termination time and expected residence time of drought classes with increasing time series steps (from 3- to 12-month) showed increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Furthermore, log-linear models were applied for short term prediction of drought class transition corresponding to SPI 12-month. Results also indicated that the lowest frequencies occurred during direct transitions from a given drought class to two/three classes with higher (lower) severity. Furthermore, the occurrence probability of each drought class from two previously given drought classes was calculated and validated by the log-linear model. Results of validation of the predictions during 2001 confirmed appropriateness of predictions corresponding to drought class severity for a 2-month lead time from two previous months, particularly when drought was initiating or dissipating. It is concluded that log-linear predictions of drought severity class can be used as a useful tool for early warning to farmers and water managers early in autumn.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Factors Affecting on Bonding Social Capital: An Enquiry Toward Cooperatives of Natural Resources and Watershed Management Project in Fars Province
0
0
FA
Ali Reza
Amobeigy
Daruosh
Hayati
Social interactions of people create a link between them that is called social capital. Without these links, the possibility of cooperation between individuals and institutions is impeded. Therefore, the social capital is the main platform for the formation of economic relations in society. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting the bonding social capital of Talayedaran cooperative’s members of Natural Resources and Watershed Management Project in west part of Shiraz County. For implementation of this study, a survey research was used. The questionnaire faces validity and the reliability was also verified. The study population included members of Talayedaran cooperative from three villages (Mokhtarabad, Bisotton and Tolekarei). The stratified random sampling method was used for the sample selection and finally 146 members were selected as sample group. Some research findings revealed that the average bonding social capital of Talayedaran cooperative’s members was at satisfactorily strong level. The correlation test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the variables of age and the years of education with bonding social capital. But no significant relation was observed between the variables of number of years of residence in the village, agricultural work experience, household size and amount of owned arable land with bonding social capital. In addition, correlation test showed that there is a synergetic effect between components of bonding social capital. The mean comparison test showed no significant difference between the average women’s bonding social capital and that of men, but women, in relation to components of trust, information exchange rate and network of informal relationship had higher score compared to men. The amount of bonding social capital and its components was lower in farmers compared to in non- farmers. Finally, some recommendations have been presented according to research findings at the end of article.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Effect of Floodwater Spreading on Some of the Quantitative Characteristics of Vegetation (Case Study: Bafq Moogerdi Field in Yazd)
0
0
FA
Razieh
Shahbandari
mohsen
Mohseni Saravi
Farzad
Torabi mirzaee3
mahdieh
Tajamolian
Using of water spreading system is one of the effective methods in order to utilize seasonal runoff and temporary flowing, which is performed for different purposes such as soil modification, vegetation increase, and underground water table sustenance and soil erosion prevention. In order to evaluate the water spreading effects on quantitative changes of vegetation, Mugerdi aquifer in Bafgh city was chosen and three fields as a water spreading section and 2 fields as a witness (without water spreading) were considered. Sampling was done within these five pieces. For this purpose, 2 transect with 150 meter length in each part and 5 transect with 2 m2 area over each transect were based according to vegetation distribution. Canopy cover percent and density were recorded in these plots. The current year growth as a plant production measured using clipping and weighting method. After data gathering, the statistical analysis was done by t-test. The results are representative of significant differences between vegetation cover percent and its density at 5 percent level and production at one percent level. Moreover, our results show the increasing of the number of species (with palatability class 1 and 2) in the water spreading field in comparing with control field.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Flood Regionalization of Mazandaran Province's Watersheds by Using Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm
0
0
FA
Farhad
Farsadnia
parviz
Haghighat Jou
zaman
Shamohamadi Heidari
Ali Reza
Moghaddam Nia
One of techniques for estimation of flood quantiles in ungauged watersheds is regional frequency analysis. In the common techniques of regionalization, homogeneous hydrological regions are created based on watershed characteristics such as physiographic characteristics of watershed, geographic location and flood statistics at each station. However, most watersheds only partially resemble other watersheds in a region. Therefore one watershed cannot be completely assigned to one group or another. The fuzzy clustering algorithm allows a watershed to have partial or distributed memberships of all the regions (groups) identified. In this paper, performance of fuzzy clustering algorithm has been evaluated for regionalization of Mazandaran province's watersheds, and some solutions have been represented to improve homogeneity of the regions that have been clustered by this algorithm and are not statistically homogeneous. In addition, several indices for performance evaluation of fuzzy clustering algorithm have been presented to determine the number of optimum clusters. Then, the Zdist statistic for the region's stations was calculated by FORTRAN programming language for the 3-parameter distributions and the best distribution was introduced for each region. The results showed that Mazandaran province has been composed of three hydrological homogeneous regions and generalized logistic distribution with different parameters was selected for each of the homogeneous regions.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Assessment of Discharge Trend of Kasilian Watershed
1
8
FA
mojtaba
Nassaji Zavareh
Alimohammad
Khorshiddoust
AliAkbar
Rasouli
Ali
Slajegheh
Climatechange can affect changes in mean annual and seasonal discharge, magnitude and frequency of flood and drought. These factors influence agricultural water management ecosystems. For this propose, Kasilian catchment in Khazar region was selected for study. Daily and monthly discharge time series during 1334-89 are reviewed. After reconstruction, eight discharge indicator including Q5, Q10, Q30, Q50, Q70, Q90, Q95, Qmean were prepared for further analysis. Three methods of Thiel-sen, plot on Cartesian coordinate system and Mann-Kendall method were employed. Result show although Theil-sen method is suitable for determining discharge trend value, but Mann-Kendall method is a more suitable approach for significant and time of trend. The results of Mann-Kendall method show highest decreasing trend of both high and low discharge belong to winter, spring, autumn and summer, respectively. Discharge indicator of Q90, Q95 only showed a positive trend in winter. In most seasonal and annual discharge indicators’ changes in decreasing or increasing trend were experienced during 1370-74 showed a constant rate. Plot on Cartesian coordinate system as a simple and suitable method for determining low, medium and high time series is used.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
8
24
2014
6
1
Water Qualitative Zoning of Goderkhosh River Based on NSFWQI Index and Applying Geographic Information System (GIS)
1
8
FA
Ali
Ramezani
Mahdi
Ahmadi
Mohzmmad_Reza
Jafari
Rivers have been addressed as one of main
resources of water supply for different consumptions including agriculture,
drinking and industry. Therefore, with regard to recent droughts, also rural
and urban development, monitoring the quality of these resources is considered
as an important function in the context of environmental management. With
respect to the importance of Godarkhosh river, located in Ilam province, its
entrance into Iraq country, its removal for different consumptions, also
discharging various pollutants into this river, its qualitative assessment
seems necessary. On the one hand, zoning, contamination and presenting proper
image of qualitative condition of surface water by means of GIS resulted into
the situation that every management decision that affects directly or
indirectly on national surface waters, must be made consciously. Research method
is cross- sectional descriptive. It's various stages are including: sampling 10
stations across the river during 6 months (From September 2010 to march 2011),
measuring such qualitative parameters as temperature, measuring such
qualitative parameters as temperature, dissolved oxygen (O2), essential
biochemical oxygen, fecal coliform, Nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, pH, total
dissolved solids and data analysis by using national water quality index
(NSFWQI). To prepare water qualitative zoning model of this river, besides
above index in relation to natural factors, (geology, soil quality, vegetation
and local permeability). GIS software was used to consider this model. Obtained
results indicated that mean NSFWQI in the best condition with the effect of natural
factors is related to stations 5 and 7 with 50/33 and 59/33, respectively.
Actually this would determine intermediate condition in regard to qualitative
index and average index in worst state with the effect of natural factors is
related to station 4 with 49/33 that indicated the appearance of bad
qualitative condition.