نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Climate Modeling and comparison of changes in climatic parameters using SDSM in the northern and southern sides of the Alborz
11
26
FA
ali
dastranj
ali
shahbazi
mohsen
mohsenisaravi
abotaleb
salehnasab
shirkoo
jafari
This study presents the predicted amount of precipitation, temperature and the climate simulation periods 2099-2070, 2049-2020 and 2008-1979 observation period under A2 and B2 SRES scenarios using the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) in Tehran, Zanjan, Qazvin and Rasht stations on the southern side and Ramsar, Babol and Gorgan in Northern side of the Alborz. Also, future climate was determined using the Domarten method. The main objective was to compare the climate change on two fronts in the north and south of the Alborz. The performance of model to predict the climatic parameters was evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R2 ) and root mean squared estimation error (RMSE). The results of predicting the climate parameters indicate that the model simulated these parameters adequately. The results of the precipitation in all stations in period 2020- 2049 compared with the period 1979-2008 show an increasing trend in all stations and the period 2070-2099 compared to observation periods show an increasing trend in precipitation; while it has a decreasing trend compared to the periods 2020-2049. In 2070-2099 and 2020–2049 periods, the average, minimum and maximum temperature was increased relative to the observation period 1979-2008. The results of the climate determination by the Domarten method show that the climate in the Babolsar, Qazvin, Ramsar and Rasht stations will be change comparing with the observed climate in 1979-2008 in the future periods. In the Gorgan station at period 2070-2099 under the A2 scenario, the climate will change from semi-arid to the arid climate. In the Zanjan station at period 2020-2049 under the A2 scenario, the climate will change from semi-arid to Mediterranean climate and at period 2070-2099 climate from Mediterranean to semi-arid climate. This data can be simulated with high accuracy to better foresight the climatic conditions in future periods to help the future macro-management in providing better productivity of resources, particularly the water resources management.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Combination of geostatistical and artificial intelligence methods for predicting spatiotemporal water level in the Hadishahr plain
27
32
FA
mohamadhasan
habibi
ataallah
nadiri
asaghar
asgharimoghdam
keivan
naderi
The Hadishahr plain, with 56 km2 area, is located in the northwest of the East Azarbaijan province. Due to the intensive withdrawal of groundwater from this area in the recent years, the water level has been declined significantly. In order to find the best method for managing the groundwater resources of the study area efficiently, artificial neural networks and fuzzy methods were utilized to model and predict the temporal and spatial variations of the groundwater level. Firstly, the central piezometer was used for modeling artificial neural network and determining the best algorithm structure. The results show that the forward neural network with the LevenbergـMarkvrat (LM) algorithm with 1, 2 and 3 order structure is the best method in this plain, respectively. Afterward, the selected piezometers of the plain were classified with the hierarchical clustering (HCA) methods and each piezometers batch was modeled with the Sugeno fuzzy technique. The results were compared using the statistical parameters such as RMSE and R2. In this study, monthly data of rainfall, evaporation, and groundwater level were used as inputs to the model. The results show that the fuzzy and neural network techniques using feed forward neural network with the Levenberg-Markvrat (LM) algorithm achieves the best answer. Thus the neural kriging and neural cokriging method were used, for predicting the temporal and spatial variations of groundwater level.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Effects of Aggregate Diameter on Soil Splash under Laboratorial Conditions
33
38
FA
abdolvahed
khaledidarvishan
ehsan
sharifimoghadam
Splash, as an important step in the erosion process of the soil, detaches and prepares soil particles to be transported by runoff. The amount of splash depends on various characteristics of erosive factor (rainfall) and erodible surface (soil). Aggregate characteristics, which have been considered in soil erosion researches, are among the main effective soil factors on splash and erosion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the variation of soil splash in various aggregate diameters (1.75, 3.55 and 5.18 mm) for a sandy-clay-loam soil from the Kojour watershed. All the data was collected using splash cups with the slope gradient of 18 percent under the rainfall simulation with the intensity of 80 mm h-1 and duration of 18.28 min in three replications for each aggregate diameter treatment. Although the results indicate that the upslope, downslope, net and gross splash parameters decrease with increase of aggregate diameter, none of these changes were significant. The maximum and minimum decreasing ratios in the splash parameters belongs to the net (83.75 percent) and upslope splash (72.55 percent), respectively. The results also show that when the aggregate diameter increases 2 and 3 times, the amount of the net splash decreases 57 and 84 percent, respectively
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Investigation of hydrogeochemical characteristics of the aquifer of the Tabriz Plain using the hydrochemical models and statistical methods
39
50
FA
rahim
barzegar
asghar
asgharimoghadam
morteza
najib
naemeh
kazemian
The Tabriz plain with an area of more than 700 km2 extends from the eastern side of Tabriz city to the salt flats of Urmia Lake. In this study, in order to assess the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater of aquifer of the Tabriz plain, 30 groundwater samples were collected in October 2012 and analyzed at hydrogelogy Laboratory of university of Tabriz. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics of the Tabriz plain aquifer and the groundwater sequence evolution. In this context the multivariate statistical techniques such as factor analysis, saturation index of minerals, chloro-alkaline index and inverse hydrochemical modeling were used. Saturation index of minerals show that the groundwater is saturated with respect to the carbonate minerals, under saturated with respect to the halite and sulfate minerals. The results of the factor analysis show that three factors were affecting the quality of the groundwater in the Tabriz plain. The first and second components resulting from affecting of formations and water-rocks interactions, so called geogenetic, and the third component is because of the anthropogenic phenomena.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Comparison of the relative sediment yield potential of lithological units using sediment
51
58
FA
jamal
mosafai
mohamadreza
ekhtesasi
Soil is one of the main treasures of each country that serious measures must be done for its protection, preservation and restoration. The first step in planning for the soil conservation and erosion control programs comprises the familiarity with the erosion condition, determining the relative importance of sediment sources, and identification of critical zones within the watershed. The main objective of this study is to determine the relative sediment yield potential of each lithological units of the Vartavan catchment by comparing the color of sediment grains median diameter with the grains color of each lithological unit. The results show that the soil particles of each sediment source unit almost were formed
of a dominant color while the sediment samples were formed of the composition of different colors. Independent T-test between the mean values of the observed pigments and expected pigments indicate that the lithological units have different sediment yield from the expected amounts. The results has also show that the relative sediment yield potential in the lithological units with black pigment (black shale containing coal horizons), white and red (plagioclase tuff and red mudstone), green (sandstone), gray (andesine) and finally brown (orbitolina limestone, Shale Limestone, red sandstone and tuff) is reduced, respectively. In general, the source fingerprinting method using the sediment grain color is a valuable method for determining the relative power of different lithological units.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Investigation on the affection of some dimensionless parameters on the coefficient of discharge in the semi cylindrical weir- gate model
59
68
FA
forough
alizadehsanami
mohsen
masoudian
mojtaba
saneii
The combined weir-gate is one of the structures, which can be substituted in channels instead of weirs and gates. Curvature of the semi cylindrical of the weir- gate structures lead to hold the water snap to the structures body which increases the amount of coefficient discharge the weir- gate structures in comparison with the sharp crested weirs. In this research, the affection of some dimensionless parameters on discharge coefficient in the semi cylindrical weir- gate model was investigated. The experiments were conducted in a horizontal channel with a length of 8 m and width of 0.282 m through using PVC pipes with diameters of 70, 120 and 160 mm as wire and wire-gates. The research findings show that the coefficient of discharge increases by increasing the dimensionless parameters including H/P, Hw/H, Fr and Hf/H for both upstream and downstream curvatures in all alignments of the structure. Hence, the maximum and minimum discharge coefficients occur in the 60 degree and 30 degree angle, respectively. Also, at a constant H/D and Hw/H, the coefficient of discharges is larger for upstream curvatures than the
downstream ones. The results show that not only the angle of the semi cylindrical curvature from the horizontal line but also the structure diameter affect on the discharge coefficient
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Site Selection Underground Dams Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) (Case Study: the Adori Area in Bam city)
69
76
FA
mohamad
hasanzadehnofoute
aliakbar
jamali
amirarsalan
fallah
One of the effective ways to provide water in the arid, semi-arid and drought crisis is rising the groundwater stores. Underground dams are one of the best strategies for securing and development of water resources. The first and most important step in the construction of an underground dam is identifying suitable locations for the construction of these dams. Making decision about the site selection of the underground dam is difficult because several criteria must be considered in this choice. The purpose of this study is to select the underground dam site for storing precipitation and preventing evaporation in the Adori area in Bam city by using spatial multi-criteria evaluation (SMCE). The selected evaluation criteria include: (1) Economic and social criteria (including distance to aqueduct - distance to well - distance to village - distance to spring - distance to road - distance to rock source), (2) Hydrology (including precipitation isolines - rivers), (3) Geology (including topography (slope) - Geology - geomorphology - permeability), and (4) Constraints (including slope - fault - aqueduct – land use - geology - distance to river). The maps were first prepared in the ILWIS software, standardize with SMCE menu, and weighted by ranking method. Finally, the integrated map was prepared which shows three regions with different values. One of these three areas, which have the best value, was suggested for the construction of underground dam in the Adori area in Bam city.
نشر دانشگاهی
Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering
2008-9554
10
32
2016
4
1
Spatial variability of water quality in the Haraz River toward downstream
77
82
FA
ataallah
kavian
houshang
eslamiprikhani
mahmoud
habibnejad
The effective role of water in human health and sustainable development is undeniable. However, population growth and pollution limits the quantity and quality of water resources in the world. Increasing trend of pollution and decreasing water resources quality cause the need for proper management of these resources for different applications. The Haraz River has many usages in drinking, agriculture and aquaculture. Because of the Haraz dam construction on the river, the study of water quality in this river is necessary. For this purpose and in order to assess the river water quality, 17 points were selected and the water sampling was collected along this river. Then, the condition of the water quality in the Haraz river was investigated by comparing with international standards in terms of physic-chemical properties such as turbidity, total dissolved material, electrical conductivity, pH, total hardness, sulfate, fluoride, ammonia, nitrite, copper, magnesium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, aluminum, silica, manganese and chloride. Also, Excel and the SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The other required maps were produced using the ArcGis10 software. The results show that the water quality strongly depends on the land uses, the type of landscape, and human presence. Based on these results, stations 1 and 2 had the high level of quality, but toward the downstream stations, including stations 6, 9, 13, 15, the condition of the water quality was deteriorated and it had more pollution.